Allergies are the immune system’s overreaction to substances that are usually harmless to most people. These substances are called allergens and can include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, insect stings, foods, and certain medications.

2. Common Types of Allergies

• Seasonal allergies (hay fever) – caused by pollen
  
  

• Food allergies – e.g., peanuts, shellfish, eggs
  
  

• Drug allergies – such as penicillin
  
  

• Skin allergies – contact dermatitis, eczema
  
  

• Insect sting allergies – from bees, wasps, etc.
  
  

3. Symptoms of Allergies

• Sneezing, runny or stuffy nose
  
  

• Itchy or watery eyes
  
  

• Hives, rashes
  
  

• Swelling
  
  

• Shortness of breath
  
  

• In severe cases, anaphylaxis
  
  

Your bronchi (BRAWN-kai) are the large tubes that connect to your trachea (windpipe) and direct the air you breathe to your right and left lungs. They are in your chest. Bronchi is the plural form of bronchus. The left bronchus carries air to your left lung. The right bronchus carries air to your right lung. Your bronchi are an essential part of your respiratory system. As you breathe and your lungs expand, your bronchi distribute the air within your lung. 

Weight loss counseling is a supportive process that helps people lose weight and maintain a healthy weight. It can involve guidance, education, and motivation from a healthcare professional. 

What's included in weight loss counseling?

• Dietary changes: Learning how to eat fewer calories, more fruits and vegetables, and less unhealthy for

• Physical activity: Increasing activity levels, such as walking or exercising 

• Lifestyle changes: Learning how to manage stress, think more positively, and avoid overeating 

• Goal setting: Setting realistic weight loss goals and using rewards to motivate yourself

• Identifying obstacles: Learning how to identify and overcome obstacles that may arise

How can weight loss counseling help?

• Weight loss counseling can help people learn to make lasting changes to their lifestyle 

• It can help people break unhealthy habits that may have been established in childhood 

• It can help people learn to eat more mindfully and notice when they are full 

A thyroid disorder is a condition that affects the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck. Thyroid disorders can occur when the thyroid produces too much or too little of its hormones. 

Types of thyroid disorders

• Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid that produces too much thyroid hormone 

• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid that produces too little thyroid hormone 

• Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland 

• Goiter: An enlargement of the thyroid gland 

• Thyroid nodules and adenomas: Small, noncancerous growths in the thyroid gland 

• Thyroid cancer: More common in people who have had radiation to the head, neck, or chest 

Symptoms of thyroid disorders 

• Weight loss or weight gain

• Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat

• Eye and skin problems

• Fatigue

• Sensitivity to heat or cold

• Hair loss or dry skin

• Anxiety, irritability, or nervousness

• Menstrual irregularities

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can be internal or external. 

Symptoms Itching or irritation around the anus, Pain or discomfort, Swelling around the anus, and Bleeding in the stool. 

Causes 

• Straining during bowel movements

• Sitting on the toilet for long periods

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea

• Eating foods that are low in fiber

• Being older than age 50

• Pregnancy and childbirth

• Family history

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition where the pressure in your blood vessels is too high. It's common and can be serious if left untreated. 

Symptoms 

• Hypertension usually has no symptoms.

• However, it can cause problems for your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.

Risk factors 

• Being overweight or obese

• Not being physically active

• High-salt diet

• Drinking too much alcohol

• Older age

• Genetics

• Having close relatives with high blood pressure

• Having a Black African, Black Caribbean or South Asian ethnic background

Diagnosis

• Hypertension is diagnosed when your blood pressure is consistently at or above 130/80 mm Hg. 

• Blood pressure is grouped into stages to help guide treatment. 

Treatment

• Lifestyle changes and blood pressure medicines can help you stay healthy. 

• Recommended lifestyle changes include:

  • Reducing dietary sodium intake

  • Engaging in regular aerobic physical activity

  • Limiting alcohol consumption 

  • Consuming a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

  • No smoking 

  • Stress reduction and management

Kidney stones are solid masses or crystals that form from substances (like minerals, acids and salts) in your kidneys. They can be as small as a grain of sand or — rarely — larger than a golf ball. Kidney stones are also called renal calculi or nephrolithiasis. 

Being unable to enjoy or not wanting to engage in sexual activities may be a sign of sexual dysfunction. It's very common and highly treatable. Things like stress, health conditions, medication or past sexual trauma can cause it. Sexual dysfunction can happen at any point during the sexual response cycle. 

Depression is classified as a mood disorder. It may be described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person's everyday action